Hiperplasia eritroblástica secundaria a infección aguda por parvovirus B19

Resumen La infección aguda por parvovirus B19 es una enfermedad autolimitada en pacientes sin trastornos inmunitarios. Sin embargo, en pacientes con discrasias sanguíneas pueden manifestarse con una crisis aplásica. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 48 años, con una esferocitosis hereditaria no diagnosticada previamente, la cual debutó con una crisis aplásica inducida por una infección aguda de parvovirus B19. La sospecha clínica se planteó luego del análisis histopatológico de la médula ósea, en el que se observó una hiperplasia eritroblástica, con precursores eritroides gigantes e inclusiones nucleares virales, y cuyo análisis inmunohistoquímico fue positivo para la proteína de la cápside viral VP1 y VP2 de parvovirus B19 en células infectadas. Se confirmó la sospecha diagnóstica con la detección de anticuerpos IgM de parvovirus B19. De acuerdo a nuestra revisión, este es el primer reporte de un adulto en Latinoamérica que debutó con una crisis aplásica inducida por una infección aguda por parvovirus B19, como primera manifestación de una esferocitosis hereditaria.

Abstract Acute parvovirus B19 infection is a self-limiting disease in patients with normal immune response. However, in patients with blood dyscrasias, it is possible to present with an aplastic crisis. We present the case of a 48-year-old man who had developed an aplastic crisis as a result of an acute parvovirus B19 infection with an undiagnosed hereditary spherocytosis. Suspicions of the parvovirus infection began to arise after a routine bone marrow histopathological analysis which showed erythroblastic hyperplasia with giant erythroid precursor and viral inclusions. A subsequent immunohistochemical analysis tested positive for VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins of parvovirus B19 in infected cells. The diagnostic suspicion was later confirmed with the presence of anti-parvovirus B19 IgM. According to our review, this is the first published case in Latin America that documents an adult patient with normal immune response whose first symptom of hereditary spherocytosis was an aplastic crisis induced by an acute parvovirus B19 infection.

Anemia hemolítica autoinmune por crioaglutininas y crisis aplásica en una paciente con hemoglobinopatía SC / Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with cryoagglutinins and aplastic crisis in a patient with SC hemoglobinopathy

La infección por parvovirus B19 humano, es la causa de la mayor parte de los casos de crisis aplásica transitoria que aparecen de forma brusca en pacientes con enfermedades hemolíticas crónicas, como es el caso de la drepanocitosis. Por otra parte, se han descrito unos pocos casos de infección aguda, por parvovirus B19 humano como causa de anemia hemolítica autoinmune, por medio de la formación de anticuerpos dirigidos contra los glóbulos rojos. La asociación entre drepanocitosis y anemias hemolíticas autoinmunes es poco frecuente. Se reporta un caso poco usual de una paciente adulta, con antecedentes de hemoglobinopatía S/C que presentó una crisis aplásica y posteriormente apareció una anemia hemolítica autoinmune diagnosticada en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología. Se trató con dosis inmunosupresoras de esteroide, con lo que se alcanzó la remisión de la anemia hemolítica autoinmune(AU)

Infection with human B19 parvovirus is the cause of most cases of transient aplastic crisis that appear in patients with chronic hemolytic diseases, as in the case of sickle cell disease. On the other hand, a few cases of acute infection by human parvovirus B19 have been described as a cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, through the formation of antibodies directed against red blood cells. The association between sickle cell disease and autoimmune hemolytic anemia is rare. We report an unusual case of an adult patient, with a history of S C hemoglobinopathy who presented an aplastic crisis and subsequently an autoimmune hemolytic anemia diagnosed at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology, treated with high steroids doses, reaching the remission of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and constitutes the first report in Cuba(AU)

Molecular and clinical evaluation of the acute human parvovirus B19 infection: comparison of two cases in children with sickle cell disease and discussion of the literature

Human parvovirus B19 is a well-known cause of severe conditions in patients with sickle cell disease, but the molecular mechanisms of the infection are insufficiently understood. The different clinical outcome of the acute parvovirus B19 infection in two pediatric patients with sickle cell disease has been examined. One of them developed life-threatening condition requiring emergency transfusions, while the other had asymptomatic infection, diagnosed occasionally. Both cases had high viral load and identical subgenotype, indicating that the viral molecular characteristics play a minimal role in the infection outcome.

An Adult with Aplastic Crisis induced by Human Parvovirus B19 as an Initial Presentation of Hereditary Spherocytosis

The association between aplastic crisis and human parvovirus (HPV) B19 infection is well described in patients with sickle cell anemia. This association has also been described, although much less frequently, in patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS). However, most cases of aplastic crises in patients with HS and induced by HPV B19 have been reported in children or adolescents. In this paper, we describe an aplastic crisis induced by HPV B19 in an adult with HS. A 34-year-old female presented with presyncope, febrile sensation, and myalgia. The complete blood counts showed severe anemia. The peripheral blood smear revealed spherocytosis with reticulocytopenia and pancytopenia. The direct Coombs' test was negative; the osmotic fragility test was positive. In the bone marrow aspirates, a few giant pronormoblasts with deep blue cytoplasm, pseudopods, and intracellular inclusion bodies were observed. The patient was given eight units of packed red blood cells. HPV B19 infection was proven by the presence of IgM antibodies to HPV B19 and the detection of viral DNA using the PCR technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Korea that describes an adult with aplastic crisis presenting initially with HS.

Aplastic Crisis Secondary to Parvovirus B19 Infection

Human parvovirus(HPV) B19 infection causes erythema infectiosum in children, sometimes red cell aplastic crisis with hemolytic anemia and chronic bone marrow failure in immunocompromised hosts. HPV B19 is directly cytotoxic for erythroid progenitor cells and inhibits erythropoiesis. Infrequently, HPV B19 inhibits hematopoiesis of three cell lineages and causes transient pancytopenia in patients with hemolytic disorders. We report three patients with hereditary spherocytosis who developed transient aplastic crisis. A HPV B19 infection was confirmed by IgM anti-B19 parvovirus titers and characteristic findings of bone marrow examination as the causative agent associated with severe pancytopenia. Three patients recovered spontaneously after a short period of supportive care with red cell transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin.

A Clinical Study on Hereditary Spherocytosis / 대한소아혈액종양학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory findings of hereditary spherocytosis comparing those of different age groups. METHODS: The clinical and laboratory findings of hereditary spherocytosis from June 1989 to August 1998 at Asan Medical Center were analyzed retrospectively according to two different age groups, Group I (9 patients diagnosed under 10 years of age) and Group II (19 patients diagnosed at or over 10 years of age). RESULTS: 1) Mean age at diagnosis was 2.4+/-1.97 and 28.2+/-18.81 years, and family history was positive in 44% and 47% in Group I and II patients respectively. 2) Splenectomy was carried out in 33% and 79% of Group I and II patients respectively, and accessory spleen was found in 100% and 20% of splenectomized patients respectively. 3) Gallstone was found in 11% and 42% of Group I and II patients respectively, and aplastic crisis developed in 0% and 10% respectively. 4) Post-splenectomy hematological parameters improved as follows: Group I; from hemoglobin at diagnosis of 8.5+/-3.59 g/dL to post-splenectomy level of 12.6+/-0.86 g/dL, hematocrit 24.5+/-10.25% to 38.1+/-4.86%, corrected reticulocyte 9.0+/-4.16% to 1.2+/-0.84%, total bilirubin 3.2+/-1.53 mg/dL to 2.2+/-1.34 mg/dL. Group II ; from hemoglobin at diagnosis of 8.9+/-2.95 g/dL to post-splenectomy level of 12.6+/-1.27 g/dL, hematocrit 24.9+/-7.85% to 37.4+/-2.89%, corrected reticulocyte 4.8+/-2.74% to 2.0+/-1.12%, total bilirubin 5.2+/-5.05 mg/dL to 1.1+/-0.49 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: There were no age related differences in hematologic findings at diagnosis and many of the patients with milder form of the disease could be detected later in adult life. The frequency of gallstone was up to 42% in patients whose diagnosis was delayed after 10 years of age, and aplastic crisis was a rare complication. Splenectomy was an effective treatment leading to normal hemoglobin concentrations in all patients. Accessory spleen was found in 33% of splenectomized patients, which emphasizes the necessity of spleen scan before splenectomy.

One case of hereditary spherocytosis with aplastic crisis

No abstract available.